What does commercialization refer to?

Commercialization refers to the process of bringing new products to market and involves various steps, including production, marketing, and distribution. This stage is crucial because it transforms an idea or prototype into a viable product that is available for consumers. Commercialization encompasses not only the development of the product but also strategies for promoting it, establishing pricing, and determining the best distribution channels to reach the target audience.

In contrast, the other options describe different concepts. Branding established products focuses on enhancing the identity and recognition of products already in the market, which is different from the creation and introduction of new ones. Withdrawing products from the market deals with product management strategies concerning items that are no longer viable or profitable. Evaluating a product's financial performance pertains to analyzing sales data, profit margins, and return on investment after a product is already in the market, which is separate from the initial commercialization process. Thus, the correct option encapsulates the comprehensive nature of bringing new products to consumers effectively.