Which of the following best describes hard data?

The correct answer is characterized by quantitative research findings, which are measurable and often expressed in numerical form. Hard data is derived from structured research methodologies that yield consistent and reliable results. This type of data is objective, allowing businesses to analyze patterns and trends based on statistical evidence rather than subjective interpretations.

Quantitative data, such as sales figures, demographic statistics, and survey results, provides a solid foundation for making informed business decisions. For example, when launching a new sports product, a company can rely on hard data to understand market size, target audience preferences, and potential sales performance.

In contrast, the other options pertain to more subjective forms of data. Opinions and perceptions from focus groups reflect individual thoughts and feelings, which can vary widely and are not quantifiable. Qualitative insights, while valuable for understanding user experiences or motivations, do not possess the numerical reliability that hard data offers. Hypothetical scenarios based on market trends may provide forward-looking insights but are speculative and lack the empirical support that hard data provides.